This is why this research dwelt on the causes of seasonality, its effects and strategies to mitigate it. Pdf causes and implication of seasonality in tourism. Problems of seasonality in caribbean tourism are discussed from different perspectives. Tourism is one of the biggest and fasted growing industries in the world, but it is characterised by seasonality. There is over reliance on leisure tourism which is mainly focused on the summer season and accentuates the problem further. Despite growth in tourism, seasonality also remains the biggest threat to cape towns tourism industry. Seasonality is a phenomenon that significantly impacts the tourism industry. Greeces seasonality causes a major disadvantage to the countrys regional hotels and measures must be taken to lengthen the tourism season, according to a study conducted by the institute for tourism research and forecasts itep that was presented on 15 october to the greek media in. Problems still exist in identifying the basic causes of seasonality and the reason for its persistence. Seasonality in tourism industry custom essay example.
Seasonality is an important factor in the tourism industry. Those who lack an understanding of an industrys natural cycle might misdiagnose a decline in sales, especially if it lasts longer than two months. It must be also noted that azerbaijan is at the beginning of tourism development and seasonal patterns are likely to change over the years thanks to huge investments and farreaching changes. Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still currently being tackled over decades by several authors, as well as by policy makers of the tourism sector. Tourism seasonality and destination management implications.
Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes that recur every calendar year. Pdf seasonality in tourism causes, implications and. The research examines 64 literature sources classifying findings into four categories, namely. Regions of extreme north or south where climate variations impose directly on the management of. Impacts and strategies of seasonality in the tourism industry. Seasonality in the tourism industry impacts and strategies.
Oftentimes, it is the cause of otherwise unexplained increases and decreases in sales. Seasons are categorized as low, green, and highpeak, with each associated with. Factors affecting hotels occupancy rate an empirical study. Seasonality in tourism has traditionally been regarded as a major problem which needs to be overcome, but relatively little research has been conducted on the patterns or causes of this phenomenon. The causes of the seasonality of tourism the vision of the. The complex nature of the factors influencing seasonality is not easily. There are lots of local people in the tourist industry will lose there jobs in the low season because there are not very many tourist and in the high season there are lots of tourists. In addition, the effects of seasonality upon employment in the tourism industry.
The identified causes of seasonality by butler overlap to great extend with the work of frechtling 1996, who identifies four main causes of seasonality in tourism demand, extended to five by baum and hagen 1997 and displayed in table xx. Tourism seasonality in protected areas is popularly regarded as one of the major problems that must be resolved. To challenge seasonality or to work within its constraints is an issue that the destination needs to address and it is something that faces tourism planners across the world. Seasonality may be caused by various factors, such as weather, vacation, and holidays and consists of periodic, repetitive, and generally regular and predictable patterns in the levels of a time series. The following are negative impact of tourism in botswana. Since tourism is a part of leisure, this means this is an activity about freedom of choice, the choice to choose destination, activities, and engagement.
Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still currently being tackled over decades by several authors, as. As previously noted, it is widely accepted that the causes of seasonality. Seasonality in the tourism industry according to lee et al. It has been obtained that seasonality is mostly caused by the changing climatic conditions depending on different times of the year. Seasonality is defined as a temporal imbalance in the phenomenon of tourism, which may be expressed in terms of dimensions of such elements as number of visitors, expenditure of visitors, traffic on highways and other forms of transportation, employment and admissions to attractions. There are misconceptions and preconceived ideas around winter being an undesirable time to visit the cape. Finally, positive effects of seasonality are discussed with some examples. When taking into account the duration nights spent rather than the number of trips, seasonality was more pronounced. Causes of seasonality may be natural or institutional. Therefore, some destinations at certain times have more tourists and visitors. Seasonality in tourism demand puts a strain on hotel industry. To challenge seasonality or to work within its constraints is a destination management issue that faces tourism planners throughout the world.
Academic focus within the literature has approached the problem from a variety of. Seasonality in the food and beverage service industry a challenge for product development in smallsized businesses case of cafe im goebenhaus, stade, germany christine volckers bachelors thesis dp in hotel, restaurant and tourism management 10 may 2010. The employment generated by the global travel and tourism industry exceeds every sector in the world except for twowhich two are these. The number of tourists can fluctuate from year to year due to different problems such as shortage of money to tour by tourists. Asian tourism seasonality, with an emphasis on china s. Any predictable change or pattern in a time series. Seasonality and its effect on business sales and performance. In time series data, seasonality is the presence of variations that occur at specific regular intervals less than a year, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Seasonality in the food and beverage service industry a.
The cbj numbers showed a rising in the kingdoms revenues of. Seasonality causes major challenges for the tourism industry. Analysing seasonality from destinations is an important tool when managing tourism in nature destinations and planning infrastructure and staff deployment. Seasonality is a highly essential factor as far as the tourism industry across the world is concerned. The four regular seasons spring, summer, autumn, and winter influence are known for being natural causes of seasonality.
Seasonality in tourism causes, implications and strategies goran corluka, mag. This disparity in the flow of activity limits economic expansion in the. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of present tourism seasonality research findings. Seasonality is a common phenomenon in the tourism industry.
Impact of tourism seasonality on hrm in hotels tourism essay. Other human factors also cause the seasonality experienced in the industry. Similarly the causes of seasonality in tourism have been categorised by various. This paper examines the causes and implications of seasonality in tourism.
Causes for seasonality fluctuation and its effects on the tourist industry and managing seasonalities. It is an issue that is recognised particularly in regions of the extreme north or south where climate variation imposes directly on the management of tourism. Key concepts and policies seasonality in tourism represents a key topic in academic literature. The issue of seasonality in south africa must it remain an. Despite the recognized importance of seasonality for tourism businesses, there has been a distinct lack of studies undertaken in the past that discuss the impact of seasonality on alpine accommodation resorts, and more specifically that focus on an australian location. Tourism seasonality many jobs in the tourism industry are poorly paid. The leading causes of seasonality have been categorized as natural and institutional. Institutional seasonality is primarily linked to the following three factors. In this paper we have presented a method for analysing seasonality in the distribution of tourists, using data on seasonality at destinations.
Given the low status of industry employment, due to seasonality and instability of many tourism jobs, the perception of tourism seasonality and its consequences for employment, and particularly in view of the industrys future workforce, this calls for empirical attention. The focal point of this research is on wildlife watching tourism as its main attraction. Understanding seasonality in the hotel industry by. The tourism crisis is the impacts that adding 800 million additional international visitors per year to the tourism industry, not to mention the increase of tourism visits that may take place within national borders. Pdf seasonality in the tourism industry impacts and. The assumption is good understanding of tourism seasonality.
Seasonality of a destination brings more tourists essay 2431 words 10 pages according to one of the pioneer authors in the tourism seasonality sphere baron 1975 seasonality is argued to be one of the main issues of sustainable and efficient tourism. The determinative factors of this phenomenon had been specified by investigators on the basis of the studies in determined regions. The research seeks to find out seasonality patterns in baku, the causes and effects of seasonality and possible actions against it. Regions of extreme north or south where climate variations impose directly on the management of tourism are particularly affected by this problem. Tourism contributes a huge portion of the caribbeans economy, but also has some negative impacts on the regions natural environment. Most tourism destinations are affected by seasonality. Tourism seasonality causes a different kind of problem when it comes to visits to protected. In other segments of tourism, tourism seasonality leads to an unfavorable use of accommodation capacities throughout the year. Eliminating seasonality can be a difficult task, and few places have managed to do this effectively over the long term.
Tourism has an economic relevance to kenyas economy, hence captivating attention from researchers, business sphere and policy makers of the tourism sector. Developing effective strategies for tackling seasonality in. Seasonality in tourism in the small islands of the north atlantic by laura hagengrant february 1998 introduction tourism naturally brings with it peaks and troughs, some of them detrimental to the economy. The determinative factors of this phenomenon had been specified by investigators. Seasonality causes the fluctuation in tourists and visitor numbers to a destination. Seasonality of a destination brings more tourists essay. Asian tourism seasonality, with an emphasis on china s golden. Seasonality in tourism causes, implications and strategies. Seasonality and tourism seasonality generally indicates the phenomenon of fluctuations of demand or supply in the tourism industry due to factors such as weather conditions and public and school. The issue of seasonality in south africa must it remain. Economically, ecologically and socially it can have many negative influences on a destination, but at the same time it may provide a time for both the environment and the host communities to recover from the stress of the peak seasons.
Tourism seasonality and destination management implications for. Other causes of seasonality in tourism demand are institutiona l. The lowest seasonality was found in ireland where this ratio was only 1. Housing prices become very expensive and makes it harder for locals to buy houses in popular places. Seasonal demand causes various problems for local firms and administrations hampering the efficient use of available facilities and the development of local capabilities. Dec 08, 2016 the hotel industry is characterized by seasonality, which plays a major role in determining customer behavior. Attempts can be made to reduce the impact of seasonality on the tourism industry. The tourism industry is 100% run by the government but there are some private companies such as safari companies which take a lot of profit from tourism. Being ubiquitous, all tourism enterprises and regions are impacted by seasonality whether severely or mildly. The effects of tourism in the caribbean usa today news. Seasonality has been viewed as a global issue for the tourism industry with the most significant negative impact being a reduction in business revenue scott and mcboyle, 2007. A method to analyse seasonality in the distribution of. The impact of seasonality on tourism and hospitality.
May 27, 2019 seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes that recur every calendar year. Papers 1 and 2 give an hoteliers and an airlines viewpoints. Assistant lecturer university department of professional studies university split, croatia. The tourism seasonality is the fluctuation of the tourism activities during the year. The paper begins with a discussion of the characteristics of seasonality and develops a methodology to study the phenomenon in more detail. Author categories of causes of tourism seasonality baron 1975 natural seasonality institutionalised seasonality calendar effects sociological and economic causes hartmann 1986 natural seasonality. Adding 800 million visitors a year is the equivalent of adding 8 or 9 walt disney worlds to the tourism industry. This disparity in the flow of activity limits economic expansion in the industry. Seasonality in tourism demand statistics explained. This is a particular problem in ledcs where the local workforce lack the skills to fill the better paid management positions. Seasonality in the tourism industry v abstract seasonality is a concept that is well studied and documented in the tourism literature. Seasonality and its related social, economic and environmental impacts is a major issue for the tourism industry. Almost 9% of the whole workforce in wales are in tourismrelated employment. Those who lack an understanding of an industrys natural cycle might misdiagnose a decline in sales, especially if.
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